也斯的七○年代香港新詩論述——以台灣現代詩檢討風潮為燭照

研究論文
Research Article

也斯的七○年代香港新詩論述——以台灣現代詩檢討風潮為燭照
Yesi’s Discourse of Hong Kong Poetry of the 1970s: In the Light of Modern Poetry Polemic of Taiwan

王家琪
Wong, Ka-Ki

摘要

      也斯一力開創了七○年代香港新詩的討論框架，主要集中在「生活化」新詩，而鮮有論及六、七○年代之交其他並存的詩觀和流派。當我們比較也斯對香港七○年代新詩的論述與當時的實際情況時，就能夠發現在也斯倡議「生活化」新詩之前香港詩壇已經有不少檢討和反省現代詩的聲音，但無論是當時還是後來，也斯反而更多地把眼光投向海峽的對岸，與台灣詩壇連結起來論述。本文首先概括了六、七○年代之交香港及台灣檢討現代詩的情況，提出也斯雖然同意新詩語言明朗化和面向現實，但對民族風格則敬而遠之，對「現實」內涵的理解也與現實主義陣營的作家不同。接著借助台灣對港、台共有的概念例如現代詩及寫實詩的研究，指出兩地對這些文學現象和概念的不同理解，並對照出也斯的七○年代香港新詩研究其中一些特別的論述操作，包括把「古典」元素排除在現代派的討論之外，否認「生活化」和現實主義的共通之處等等。由此本文提出「新古典」和「寫實」兩方面對修正現代詩都提出了至關重要的倡議，因此現代派的刊物譜系宜重新釐定，除了應該納入《詩風》之外，明朗詩（不限於也斯稱為「生活化」的詩）的源頭宜追溯至「詩作坊」以及《周報》之前的詩刊包括《70年代》、《秋螢》，以便把「詩作坊」以降現代詩受現實風潮影響的情況納入視野。而「生活化」必須與現實主義風潮互相參照，才能準確完整地說明「生活化」如何修正了現代主義。

關鍵詞：現代詩、新古典主義、現實主義、生活化、香港台灣新詩比較

Abstract

      The studies of Hong Kong Poetry of the 1970s mainly focus on the “Everydayness” poetry, a study frame that was mainly established by Yesi (Leung Ping-kwan) after 1980s. However, if we take a closer look at the situation back in the 1970s, we may find some missing puzzles in Yesi’s version of the history. As Yesi tended to established reference with the Taiwan poetry, conducting comparative study of Hong Kong and Taiwan poetry seems an appropriate way to examine the flaws in his literary discourse.

      This paper first summarizes the critical opinion of modern poetry of Hong Kong and Taiwan in the ‘60s and ‘70s, in which we may found Yesi’s rejection of the ethnicity deviated from the mainstream opinion. Then, in the light of the fruitful studies of modern poetry by Taiwan scholars, points out several concepts that Hong Kong and Taiwan share but have different context and meaning in them. Thus points out some problematic discursive acts by Yesi, including the exclusion of “Neo-Classicism” from modern poetry and the denial of the fact that “Everydayness” poetry and the realism poetry actually share some stylistic features. Future discussion of Hong Kong modern poetry should fill in those missing puzzles that Yesi did not cover.

Keywords: Modern poetry, Neo-Classicism, Realism, “Everyday-ness” poetry, Comparative study of Hong Kong andTaiwan Poetry

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