論「一九三○年台灣儒墨論戰」――前史、論述、殖民地情境

研究論文 

Research Article

論「一九三○年台灣儒墨論戰」――前史、論述、殖民地情境

The 1930’s Debates between Taiwanese Confucianism and Mohism: On the Early History, Discourses, and Colonial Situation

李威寰
Li, Wei-Huan

摘要

        1930年台灣儒墨論戰，是日治時期台灣傳統學術的重要事件，從該年4月到9月，不到五個月的時間裡，雙方在台灣各報刊上，發表了近五十篇文章，參與者包括黃純青、連雅堂、張純甫、顏笏山等人。經過本文研究，這場論戰在台灣思想史上的意義可分為三個部份：第一、如果我們由1930年往前探究，可以發現台灣墨學的興起，其實與中日兩國的學術風氣緊密連結，例如中國自晚清開始，以墨學與西學相對照，使墨學大興，影響了台灣讀墨的風氣；日本以科學客觀的態度重新詮釋傳統學問，使台灣人能以新的眼光看待墨學。第二、挑起論戰的擁墨派有明顯的主要動機，就是希望以墨學思想引起群眾關心公共事務，這就是「墨子公利說」，也是「論戰」的主軸；要達到這個「興公利」的目標，前提是要解決傳統觀念中，墨學有害道德倫常的成見，因此，「兼愛與倫常之辯」就是雙方的攻防重點；至於「難為易為之辯」、「考據問題」，較屬於枝微末節的爭論。上述「論戰」中的論述層次，是本文仔細分析論戰諸文的結果，似能發前人所未言。第三、「論戰」之所以能形成，傳統文人身處的「殖民地情境」是一個重要原因，因為傳統文人極擔憂異族統治下，傳統儒教倫常日漸消亡，因此對於任何削弱正統儒教倫理的言論都非常敏感，以致起而反墨，這是「論戰」形成的重要原因。

關鍵詞：台灣儒墨論戰、黃純青、張純甫、《非墨十說》、連雅堂

Abstract

        The 1930’s debates between Taiwanese Confucianism and Mohism were important in the traditional academic community during the Japanese colonial period. Between April to September of 1930, almost fifty articles were issued in Taiwan’s newspapers in six months. The authors included Huang Chun-Qing (黃純青), Lien Ya-Tang (連雅堂), Chang Chun-Pu (張純甫), Yan Hu-Shan (顏笏山). There are three primary significances in the debates between Taiwanese Confucianism and Mohism for the history of thought in Taiwan.

        First, an investigation into the history of Mohism in Taiwan reveals that the general mood of Chinese and Japanese learning had a very important influence on the development of Mohism in Taiwan. The development of Mohism in Taiwan was based on the comparison between Western learning and Mohism in Chinese, as well as the impersonal attitude of academic research in Japan.

       Second, advocates of Mohism had a key motivation and goal for initiating the debates, which was to give rise to public administrative matters and demonstrate the collective interest in Mohism. To achieve this goal, they had to dispel the prejudices regarding the conflict between Mohism and Confucian ethics, which was the major controversy in these debates. However, the “debates on Mohism practice” and the “subject of textual research” were minor matters in the debates between Taiwanese Confucianism and Mohism.

        Third, the “colonial situation” was the catalyst for the debates between Taiwanese Confucianism and Mohism. At the time, most Taiwanese traditional scholars were concerned that Confucian morals were going to wither away in the colonial system, and so they were very sensitive to any discourses which were weakening Confucian morals. As such, this constituted an important reason for participation in the debates.

Keywords: Debates on Taiwanese Confucianism and Mohism, Huang Chun-Qing (黃純青), Chang Chun-Pu (張純甫), Ten Discourses Against Mohism (非墨十說), Lien Ya-
Tang (連雅堂)

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「出神 」與「凝注」：詩人的心怎麼會去得這樣遠――葉維廉詩學專訪

研究誌要 

Research Note

「出神 」與「凝注」：詩人的心怎麼會去得這樣遠――葉維廉詩學專訪

Ecstasy and Concentration: How Can a Poet’s Mind Go so Far —— Exclusive Interview with Wai-Lim Yip

翁文嫻
Yung, Man-Han

摘要

       中國現代詩學領域，涵蓋面與著作同樣豐盛的是葉維廉。海內外一致推崇他對中西文化研究的經歷，將之視為比較文學的大師級人物。葉維廉詩學開出這雙向的學術視野：一、西方翻譯所可能遭遇的問題；二、中國傳統「翻譯」可能遭遇的問題――「翻譯」一詞在今天已變成顯學，成為一地區文化與另一地區文化，異質交錯所必然出現的種種誤讀或新增事物。相隔五十年，台灣在國際舞台漸漸成熟的狀態下，正可彼此映襯，辨識葉維廉詩學過程的突破與困境，在暗影底層，亦可反照台灣在古典或西方傳統相遇時出現的事物。

        筆者乃申請了一項二年期國科會計畫「葉維廉詩學對台灣詩壇的貢獻研究」，並於2014年7月，至葉維廉任教的加州大學聖地亞哥分校，與詩人學者作一次實地考察與訪談。內容有關葉氏在聖地亞哥，歷年詩教學課程、詩活動的現場資料搜集。另一更重要的是：葉氏在中國古典與西方詩學的縱深融匯中，開出有關現代詩語言美學的系列訪談與請益。

        以下的訪談，內容包括「瞬間」美學的再延伸、翻譯的要領、東西方語言轉換的前衛性探討、「瞬間」或「線性連結」的句法傳承狀態……。這些都是台灣詩學討論中，鮮有人觸及的議題。葉老師長期用英文思考，因而對華語詩壇內的抽象領域特別深入，侃侃而談，非常難能可貴。

關鍵詞：葉維廉、翻譯、瞬間美學、線性連結、語言的前衛性

Abstract

        Wai-Lim Yip presents equivalent richness of coverage and writings in Chinese modern poetry. His Chinese and Western cultural studies are highly praised domestically and internationally, and he is considered a leading scholar of comparative literature. Wai-Lim Yip’s poetics opens the bi-directional academic horizons of: 1. possible problems encountered with Western translation; and, 2. possible problems encountered with traditional Chinese “translation.” The term “translation” is now a famous school and has become a certain erroneous reading or appended objects appearing from the heterogeneous stagger between one local culture and another local culture. After a half century, after Taiwan has matured on the international stage, two such axes of Wai-Lim Yip’s poetry present the antithesis; the breakthrough and dilemma in the process of identifying Wai-Lim Yip’s poetics could reflect the objects appearing on the encounter of Taiwan with classics or Western tradition.

        The two-year project supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology, namely ‘A study on the contribution of Wai-Lim Yip’s poetics to Taiwan poetry,’ was preceded by the author observing and interviewing Wai-Lim Yip at the University of California San Diego, where the poet was teaching, in July, 2014. The content covered Yip’s poetry instructional curricula and the poetry activity sites in San Diego. More importantly, the linguistic aesthetics of modern poetry from Yip’s integration of Chinese classics and Western poetics were covered in the interview and consultation.

        The following interview transcription contains the extension of “instant” aesthetics, the essentials of translation, the inquiry of avant-garde Eastern/Western language conversion, and the syntactic heritage of “instant” or “linear connection,” which are issues seldom discussed in Taiwanese poetics. The long-term thinking in English has Professor Yip go particularly deep into the abstract in Chinese poetry, and the easy and confident talk is valuable.

Keywords: Wai-Lim Yip, translation, instant aesthetics, linear connection, avant-garde of language

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本土語言與商業利益的結合 ――台中和花蓮的台語看板研究

研究論文 

Research Article

本土語言與商業利益的結合――台中和花蓮的台語看板研究

A Study of Signboards in Taiwanese Language in Taichung and Hualien

何信翰
Ho, Hsin-Han

摘要

        本土語言的復振是許多有識之士的共同理想。但要成功達成目標並非容易，若沒有好的方法，將難以達成。而在種種方法之中，「將本土語言和經濟利益結合，使之具有經濟效益」是最有效的方法之一。本論文對此踏出了第一步，分析台語看板在經濟高度發展區（台中市南屯區）以及相對經濟活動不那麼發達的區域（花蓮市、吉安鄉）的使用狀況。藉此分析出台語看板在兩邊的使用可能性；並透過產業分析以及分布區域分析，分析出各產業對台語的接受程度，以及重劃、招牌密度、人口密度對台語看板的影響。這些資料在未來都可以提供商界和學界、以及政府參考，做為突破台語使用限制的背景知識。

關鍵詞：台語看板、本土語言、語言復振、商業利益

Abstract

        The main purpose of this paper is to conduct a census of all the signs in Taiwanese. Through the analysis of these signs, we can better understand the use situation in different social classes, areas, industries, and groups. Then, we can make suggestions for “How to combine the language revitalization and economic interests, so that more masses will agree with the measures that are proposed by the advocates of language revitalization.”

        Nowadays, the biggest obstacles of the language revival movement are the negative attitude opposition of some groups of people. These obstacles generally stem from the advocates usually thinking from the perspective of “producer center,” not “consumer center,” and from focusing only on “how to teach” and “what is a good language policy” and not paying attention to “why people should support the native language? .” Our study will offer these advocates another perspective and specific practices.

        In this paper, we analyze the situation of using signs in Taiwanese between an economically developed area (Taichung) and an economically less-developed area (Hualian). Through the analysis, we examine the effects of economic development, population density, and the industrial distribution on the use of signs in Taiwanese.

Keywords: The signs in Taiwanese, local languages, language revitalization, commercial interests

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日治時代初期渡台日人眼中的台灣話

特稿

Feature Article

日治時代初期渡台日人眼中的台灣話 

The Taiwan Language Observed by Japanese Voyagers to Taiwan in the Early Stages of the Japanese Colonial Period

樋口靖
Higuchi, Yasushi

摘要

        明治28年（1895），日本接受台灣之初，踏上台灣土地的日人，全面開始跟台灣語言接觸，發現台灣的語言情況相當複雜，內台人之間為意思疏通有所困擾。由於通曉台灣話的日人極少，迫於語言交流的需要，總督府一方面著手使台灣居民學習日語的教育政策，一方面開始研究和學習台灣語言。結果，由明治28年夏天起短短兩三年之間世上現出了許多提供日、台人士參考的有關語言教學方面的刊物。眾所周知，領台時期，總督府民政局在台語教研方面取得了輝煌的業績。總督府設計的假名發音標記系統，漢字標記以及通過日台、台日辭典來提示的龐大的台語語彙提供了要學習台語的日人很多方便。但是，在這種官方標音方式被廣泛日人台語學習者接受之前，處於一定程度的混亂狀態是免不了的。從明治28年至29年，出現了幾種台語會話速成教科書。一看到這些課本，我們就可以發現其內容差勁，標音方式也是各行其是而且是非常不準確的。採用哪種注音方式只是一個純粹的技術問題。不過，注音注得是否準確就涉及到其對音系有無深刻的知識。而會話內容的簡陋是因為對其語言結構和語言文化的瞭解不深的緣故。領台最初期，除了伊澤、小川等部分語言專家之外，渡台日人的台語認識是非常膚淺的。跟民眾直接交際的警務官、教員或政務官，甚至連從軍渡臺的通譯官都幾乎無例外，更何況過海渡「新領土」設法謀生的一般民眾呢。總督府學務部急於頒布官方注音方式的原因也在於此。當時，日人對於台灣語言的認識及認識程度究竟如何？此時期，那些簡單會話讀本以外，還陸續出版了很多台灣研究書，裏面包括幾本由軍部編纂的比較正式的台灣情況報告書，但是，其大部分都是應時性的通俗台灣案內書。但，值得注意的是作者親自探看的台灣語言實況的報告在裏面處處可見。本文的目的是在透過領台最初期出現的有關台灣語學及台灣案內等的一些原始資料來繪出當時日本人眼中的一個台灣語言肖像。

關鍵詞：陸軍通譯官、憲兵、下士上等兵、民間人、台灣地名

Abstract

        In 1895, Taiwan was incorporated into Japan as its first colony. A lot of Japanese, including administrators, soldiers, teachers, policemen, and general citizens came to Taiwan. At that time, the Japanese arrivals came into contact with the various languages of Taiwan, and realized that Taiwanese 台湾語 was the most important language in Taiwan for administration, military operation, education, and commerce, etc. Japanese teachers and policemen were required to acquire some Taiwanese language skills, and were able to receive such education at a few government-owned language schools. However, soldiers and general citizens had almost no chance to learn Taiwanese at a formal language school.. The army needed to communicate with the locals in Taiwanese languages for military operations. The army demanded that some soldiers acquire limited Taiwanese language abilities, and training of the special interpreters was also strongly needed. In particular, military police came into direct contact with the locals, and so it was extremely important that they were able to speak Taiwanese. Then, the military quickly prepared many language teaching materials and language teachers. Accordingly, these Taiwanese textbooks now serve as good research materials to better understand the real situation of Taiwanese languages 120 years ago. The Japanese general citizens who traveled to Taiwan in those days did not have a deep understanding of the Taiwanese language. Therefore, the descriptions concerning Taiwanese language in their travel records is very superficial and confused. Nevertheless, they, too, constitute good data to examine Taiwanese language recognition at that time. This paper aims to discuss how the Japanese perceived the language of Taiwan through the investigation of a lot of travel records to Taiwan and Taiwanese textbooks published in the early stages of the Japanese colonial period, i.e. 水野遵《台灣征蕃記》A Record of Savage Conquest, 福島安正《淡水新政記》A Record of New Government in Tansui, 秋山啓之《實用日台新語集》Practical New Language of Japanese and Taiwanese, 姬田良造《台灣土語入門》Introduction to Taiwan Native Language, 俣野和吉《軍人用台灣語》Taiwanese for Soldiers, etc.

Keywords: civilians, soldiers, militery policemen, interpreters, Taiwanese textbooks

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用台語實行的日語教育與「日台基本漢字」

特稿

Feature Article

用台語實行的日語教育與「日台基本漢字」

Application of Taiwanese Pronunciation to Japanese Language Education and “the Japanese-Taiwanese Fundamental Characters”

中澤信幸
Nakazawa, Nobuyuki

摘要

        台灣很流行學日語，學習的時候主要用中文（北京話）。但是，實際上北京話音與現代日本漢字音有不少乖離之處，這對台灣的日語學習者來說是很大的障礙。另方面，比起北京話，台語（閩南語）的發音與日本漢字音有更多相似。所以本文提出在台灣用台語實行日語教育的可行性。

       為了證實此點，筆者認為有必要先驗證用台語發音來熟記日文漢字讀音的效果。筆者使用日文漢字讀音、台語讀音及國語製作問卷，針對在台灣的大學476名日語學習者進行調查，結果證實，熟記日語漢字讀音時使用台語讀音能達到一定程度的效果。

        有鑑於此，本文提議用《日台大辭典》（1907）付錄的「日台字音便覽」，做成「日台基本漢字」發音對照表，將日語、台語及國語（北京語）併記，製作相關教材。同時也提議，在「日台基本漢字」發音對照表中，加上中文的各個方言音、朝鮮漢字音、越南漢字音，構築「東亞共同漢字」發音對照表。

關鍵詞：日語教育、台語的發音、日文漢字讀音、日台基本漢字、東亞共同漢字

Abstract

        With the current Japanese language education in Taiwan, theycontrast Japanese with Mandarin Chinese. However Mandarin Chinese pronunciation is quite different from Sino-Japanese pronunciation.Therefore, Sino-Japanese pronunciation is a difficult problem for Taiwanese students learning Japanese. On the other hand, Taiwanesepronunciation has more common features with Sino-Japanese than Mandarin Chinese. Accordingly, it is suggested to apply Taiwanese pronunciation to Japanese language education.

        In order to apply Taiwanese pronunciation, it is necessary to verify the effectiveness of memorizing Sino-Japanese pronunciations based on their corresponding Taiwanese pronunciations. In doing so, a questionnaire with Sino-Japanese pronunciations and their corresponding Taiwanese and Mandarin Chinese pronunciations was created. This survey was
completed by 476 Japanese learners at various universities in Taiwan. The results show that Taiwanese pronunciations can indeed provide certain improvements in the memorization of Sino-Japanese pronunciations. 

        In this paper, “the Japanese-Taiwanese fundamental characters’ contrastive phonetic table” is constructed from “Nichi-Tai Jion Binran,” which appeared in Nichi-Tai Daijiten (Japanese-Taiwanese Great Dictionary) published in 1907. Accordingly, application this contrastive phonetic table, and making up a textbook including Japanese, Taiwanese, and Mandarin Chinese are proposed. The construction of “the common characters of East Asia,” which adds Chinese dialects, Sino-Korean, and Sino-Vietnamese to this contrastive phonetic table is also proposed.

Keywords: Japanese education as a foreign language, Taiwanese pronunciation, Sino-Japanese pronunciation, the Japanese-Taiwanese fundamental characters, the common characters of East Asia

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編輯室報告（第八期）

        《台灣文學研究》期刊第八期收錄了特稿的日文論文兩篇、投稿論文兩篇、投稿研究誌要（訪談）一篇，共計五篇文章。本期開創了本雜誌新的起始，收錄了日文論文以及台灣語言研究，即初次採用不同的語種以及研究領域。編者認為台灣文學的定義及其涵蓋的範圍之廣，歸因於歷時的重層經驗和異語族文化間之接觸、融合演變的結果。台灣文學在日治時期間中西思潮起伏、各類文體交替、語碼轉換乃至於台灣語文論戰等種種攸關語言和文學的論述，在這樣的背景下產出的文學，的確是台灣文學花園中不可或缺的一片特色花卉。而這樣的想法一般而言毋庸置疑。又從文學語言的角度來說，台灣文學的語言顯然涵蓋了台語文學、客語文學、原住民語文學，一旦收束了華語文學，自不該把以台灣為主體的日語文學摒除在外。又從文學和語言的相關性來看，語言學和文學的關係就同如弓之於箭，互為利器、如同天和地之相連乃渾然天成，兩者之間無法切割。

        本期的兩篇特稿來自於去年本系和台灣語文學會主辦的「第十屆台灣語言及其教學國際學術研討會――台灣語言的接觸、融合與演變」中發表的日文論文，經修正後再投的稿件。第一篇是中澤信幸著〈用台語實行的日語教育與「日台基本漢字」〉。利用問卷調查法以及日治時期重要的辭典資料的再利用，對現代的台語和日語教育提出建言以及學習的材料。作者對476名學日語的台灣大學生進行問卷調查的結果顯示，使用台語讀音和熟記日語漢字讀音間有確實相互增進的效果。所以利用台語發音和日語漢字音的相似的特點，以《日台大辭典》（1907）付錄中的「日台字音便覽」的漢字為基本,提供「日台基本漢字」日語、台語及國語（北京語） 的發音對照表。第二篇是樋口靖著〈日治時代初期渡台日人眼中的台灣話〉，該論文透過文獻學的方法，探討日本治台之初總督府民政局帶頭研發的假名發音表記系統、漢字系統、各類台語教材讀本、軍部編撰的台灣情況報告書以及台日與日台大辭典等台語教研資料之背景以及其優缺點。嘗試透過這些日人田野探勘的原始資料，試圖描繪出當時日本人眼中的台灣語言肖像。

        本期的投稿論文兩篇剛好和前述特稿有時代背景的相互對應關係。〈論一九三○年台灣儒墨論戰」――前史、論述、後殖民情境〉也是透過文獻資料討論一九三○年代前後日治期間西方科學客觀態度和墨學興起的關係，以及殖民語境所引起的台灣儒墨論戰之所以和同時代中國產生差異的背景。另外一篇投稿論文〈本土語言與商業利益的結合――台中和花蓮的台語看板研究〉，調查台中和花蓮兩地的台語看板的使用情形，分析不同區域間各產業對台語的接受程度，以及重劃、招牌密度、人口密度對台語看板的影響。試圖透過結合台語文與經濟活動，突破現代本土語言教育發展的困境。最後收錄的研究誌要〈「出神」與「凝注」：詩人的心怎麼會去得這樣遠――葉維廉詩學專訪〉是承接本刊第五期特稿〈台灣古典漢詩翻譯〉葉維廉先生介紹台灣古典詩英譯的作品後，這一期透過對葉維廉先生的訪談，闡明葉先生學術視野發生的背景以及其翻譯的內涵與方法。翁文嫻從「瞬間」美學的再延伸、翻譯的要領、東西方語言轉換的前衛性探討、「瞬間」或「線性連結」的句法傳承狀態等視角整理其訪談內容，進而囊探中國古典與西方詩學的縱深融匯的翻譯問題。

        綜觀本期收錄的文稿，跨越語文、研究領域又同時有歷時的交錯，頗有闢古以開今之期許。最後，本期編輯工作之所以能夠順利完成，衷心感謝編輯助理王維碩、劉庭彰兩位先生全面性的奉獻和用心、鳳氣至純平先生特別協助日文論文的編排和校對。感謝本期編輯委員會的同仁全體――楊雅惠、陳建忠、曾吉賢、林瑞明、施懿琳、游勝冠、鍾秀梅、廖淑芳、劉乃慈諸位老師，和審查委員們的全力支持與配合。（陳麗君）

賴惠川竹枝詞的生命禮俗內涵論析

研究論文
Research Article

賴惠川竹枝詞的生命禮俗內涵論析

A Study Investigating the Connotations of Etiquette and Customs in Lai Hui-Chuan’s Bamboo Poetry

歐純純
Ou, Chun-Chun

摘要 

        嘉義文人賴惠川，其《悶紅墨屑》與《續悶紅墨屑》，乃台灣竹枝詞之瑰寶，數量為台灣文人之冠，其內容亦包羅萬象，將台灣風土民情之可資記述者，用心地寫入詩中。其中關於台灣生命禮俗的詩作，描寫台灣先民面對生老病死時的應對禮儀，此實為台灣文化的一大資產。今本文透過次級資料分析、歷史比較研究法、訪談法的運用，企圖了解賴惠川筆下的生命禮俗，包括「婚嫁禮俗」、「育兒禮俗」、「喪葬與祭祖禮俗」，其內在意義與外在形式究竟為何？以及它們在時代的變遷中，是否有過什麼樣的變化？就現代的社會環境而言，有沒有哪些禮俗需要進行調整？哪些仍須加以傳承和發揚？生命禮俗是每個人一生中無法脫離的根本大法，從出生至死亡，皆與之相關，因此本文以此項課題進行研究，希望為建構賴惠川文學體系盡一份力量，也為保存與發揚台灣民俗文化發揮一些作用。

關鍵詞：生命禮俗、竹枝詞、悶紅墨屑、賴惠川、續悶紅墨屑

Abstract

        Lai Hui-Chuan is a literatus in Chiayi whose Men Hong Mo Xie and Su Men Hong Mo Xie are thought to be valuable bamboo poetry in Taiwan. He was the most prolific bamboo poetry writer in Taiwan, and the content of his bamboo poetry was all-inclusive. He attentively documented the customs and culture of Taiwan in his bamboo poetry. His bamboo poetry about the etiquette and customs of Taiwan described the corresponding etiquette and customs related to birth, aging, illness, and the death of ancestors, and it is essentially a great cultural asset for Taiwan. In this study, a secondary data analysis, a historical comparative method, and interviews were used to gain an understanding of the internal meaning and external form of the etiquette and customs depicted in the writing of Lai Hui-Chuan, including “marriage rituals,” “parenting etiquette,” and “funeral rites and worship” as well as their changes over time. In terms of a modern social environment, are there any forms of etiquette and customs that require adjustment? Which of them should be inherited and carried forward? Etiquette and customs are fundamental rules that follow everyone and are associated with people from birth to death. Therefore, in this study, an investigation was made of this theme in order to contribute to the establishment of the literary system of Lai Hui Chuan, as well as the preservation and promotion of customs and culture in Taiwan.

Keywords: Etiquette and customs, Bamboo poetry, Men Hong Mo Xie, Lai Hui-Chuan, Su Men Hong Mo Xie

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日暮鄉關何處？論許南英的遺民意識

研究論文
Research Article

日暮鄉關何處？論許南英的遺民意識

Where is Home when Twilight Grows Dark? 

Researching into Hsu Na-Ying Adherents' Consciousness

梁鈞筌
Liang, Chun-Chuan

摘要

       「遺民」作為文學研究的切入點，是很常被使用的論述模式，然而遺民觀念的阿基米德點，國族想像、政治認同，卻是往昔研究常略而未論、視為理所當然之處。作為清帝國邊疆的台灣，吏治不彰、民變頻仍，乙未割台時，有多少人抱有強烈的君／國意識，而成為政治認同下的遺民？彼時清室未隳，文人就遽以遺民相稱，豈不暗示遺民所遺者，是遺棄故土、失家流離之慟？因此，本論擬以台南進士許南英作為觀察對象，觀其言、審其行，透過其在台時期的活動，爬梳其家鄉認同，繼而檢視他對清廷／中國的國族想像，最後探討詩作，以重新梳理詩人的遺民意識的內含。

關鍵詞：許南英、台南、遺民、流離

Abstract

        Research conducted with the intention of “Adherents’ Consciousness” is a common way to discuss literature. Although the Archimedes point of the conceptions concluded “National Imagination” and “Political Identification,” it was seldom discussed in previous studies. As the frontier of the Ching Empire, Taiwan residents always suffered from poor governmental efficiency and frequent commotion. Could the Taiwanese hold strong loyalty to the Ching Empire, becoming adherents of the Ex-Dynasty, when Taiwan was ceded to Japan in 1895? At that moment, the Ching Empire had not yet been overthrown. How could the literati claim to be Adherents of the ex-dynasty? Wouldn’t that mean the Adherents’ Consciousness was linked to the pain of abandoning their home and being exiled? To approach these questions, we focused on Hsu Na-Ying, a Jin-Shi (進士) of Tainan city, to research his Adherents’ Consciousness through his thoughts and deeds, the relationship between himself and the Ching Empire, then viewing how he imagined the Ching Empire and the nation. Finally, we would discuss his poems, and attempted to outline the meaning of “Adherents’ Consciousness.”

Keywords: Hsu Na-Ying (許南英), Tainan, Adherents’ Consciousness, Diaspora

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日治初期台灣言論界「文學」概念 的變化

研究論文
Research Article

日治初期台灣言論界「文學」概念的變化

Changes in the Concept of “Literature” during the Early Years of the Japanese Colonization of Taiwan

許倍榕
Hsu, Pei-Jung

摘要

        本文探討日本殖民統治初期，台灣的「文學」概念從儒學傳統脈絡到新學脈絡的變化。在台灣知識階層中，最早對此概念進行探討的，是1907年謝雪漁撰寫的〈文學辨義〉，該文對「文學」的釋義，已有廣、狹義之分，並開始使用「純文學」的說法，對傳統「文章」未涵蓋的小說、戲曲，抱持較為開放的態度。本文的提問是，何以此時出現這類對「文學」意涵的討論？台灣的社會與既有學術出現了什麼變化，必須去摸索與適應這個新的「文學」概念？而被視為「傳統文人」的謝雪漁，在1907年即撰文介紹這個新概念，顯示知識階層之間一定程度的認識與接受，那麼又何以有後來的新舊文學論爭？本文主要從這些問題切入，回溯台灣現代意涵「文學」的形成過程。由於日治初期日本官方對「漢文」的定位，動搖了傳統學術的權威性，對此台灣人開始積極接受「新學」以改良傳統學術，在此過程中，他們將新的「文學」概念作為一種文明知識納入視域，往後很長一段時間，台灣知識階層的「文學」都未跳脫這種新舊並存的用法，這種「文學」概念，與其說是「變革」，實質上比較接近一種知識的整理，而這種沒有衝突、多義調和的「文學」概念，要待日治中期後才有明顯的蛻變。

關鍵字：文學概念、新學、謝雪漁（Hsieh Hsueh-Yu）、久保天隨（Kubo Tenzui）、文學史

Abstract

 

        The focus of this paper was to discuss the transformation in literary culture in Taiwan from traditional Confucianism to a contemporary literary style.

 

        In Taiwan, the earliest discussion about the concept of literature appeared in the article “文學辨義” by Hsieh Hsueh-Yu in 1907. In this article, the definition of “literature” was described in both a general and a more specific manner. The author also introduced the concept of “pure literature,” and at the same time, held a more open attitude toward novels and Chinese operatic plays, which were typically ignored by traditional scholars. The purpose of this study was to identify the time period during which such discussions appeared in Taiwan. What societal and cultural changes occurred during the time that necessitated the adaptation to the new concept?

 

        The fact that Hsieh Hsueh-Yu, who was commonly regarded as a traditional scholar, wrote the article in 1907 to promote the new concept demonstrated that such a concept was likely adopted in different educational classes. If such an understanding existed at the time, what caused the dispute between traditional and new literature in the years that followed? We attempted to develop an understanding of the formative process for the contemporary concept of literature in Taiwan by answering this question. We believe that the position held by the Japanese colonial rulers towards “Chinese classics” shook the authority of the traditional literary scholars of the period. In response to this change, the Taiwanese began to actively incorporate contemporary concepts in order to transform and improve the traditional definition of literature. In this process, they accepted and absorbed the new concepts as “civilized knowledge.” In the years that followed, the perception of “literature” was generally accepted as the co-existence of both the old and the new. Instead of a revolutionary process, the transformation of literary culture is better described as a rearrangement of knowledge. Such a conflict-free and encompassing view toward literature persisted until the later stages of Japanese colonization.

Keywords: The concept of literature, New study, Hsieh Hsueh-Yu, Kubo Tenzui, The history of literature

 

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北台詩壇一抹光――論頭圍登瀛吟社 與盧纘祥

研究論文
Research Article

北台詩壇一抹光――論頭圍登瀛吟社與盧纘祥

A Slice of Brightness in the Northern Taiwan Poetic Circles:
Research on the Tour Wei Deng Yng Poetry-Writing Society and Poet Lu Zan-Xiang

陳麗蓮
Chen, Li-Lian

摘要

        不論台灣區域文學研究進行到哪一個階段，田野調查、史料蒐集、整理、出版都應該持續，永不間斷。台灣各區域的文學研究，更仰賴研究者長久深入調查。本文秉持區域文學深耕考掘的精神，將呈現繼〈頭圍登瀛吟社之經營與詩作史料整理〉之後新發現的文學史料，並結合過往研究，爬梳該社運作樣貌。全文從「積極投入《詩報》創立與運作的蘭陽傳統詩社」、「日治時期與外界互動最佳的蘭陽傳統詩社」、「目前保留史料最完整的蘭陽傳統詩社」三個層面，深入探討該社在社長盧纘祥的領導下，參與蘭陽傳統文學史與台灣傳統詩壇之活躍度，並從「再現與推衍家鄉景致的蘭陽傳統詩社」探討該社社員地誌書寫詩作所彰顯的地方特色及地方認同感，發掘該社傳統詩創作的價值與意義，讓學界有機會重新認識位於台灣東北角的登瀛吟社，以建立其區域文學史上的地位。

關鍵詞：區域文學、宜蘭、傳統文學、登瀛吟社、盧纘祥

Abstract

        The study of literature in Taiwan has progressed over the decades, and includes field research, historical research, arrangements, and publications. Regardless of how long the regional literature continues, researchers who work in Taiwanese literature contribute their time to examining multiple methods and this should be encouraged.

      This paper holds the spirit of investigating the regional literature from newly discovered historical materials of “Tour Wei Deng Yng Poetry-Writing Society: Its Management and Collection of Poetry and Historical Records.” My paper will incorporate previous research and renew the operation of it.

        The research examined three main aspects, the first was from the “establishing Poetry Daily of Yi-Lan traditional Poetry,” the second was from the “Japanese occupation period and the interaction with the outside world of Yi-Lan traditional Poetry,” and the third was from the “well-preservation historical data in Yi-Lan traditional Poetry.” In following the president of Poetry, Lu Zan-Xiang, the study pinpointed the active relationship between Yi-Lan’s traditional history of literature and Taiwan’s traditional poetry circle. Moreover, the study also used “reproduction of views in our hometown (Yi-Lan Poetry)” to tightly emphasize the memberships’ local characteristics and regional identification in order to manifest the value of the poetry and its meanings. The Tour Wei Deng Yng Poetry-Writing Society, as one important piece of literature in northeast Taiwan, should be recognized and established as valuable nowadays.

Keywords: Regional Literature, Yi-Lan, Traditional Literature, Tour Wei Deng Yng Poetry-Writing Society, Lu Zan-Xiang

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祕境與棄兒 ――初步踏查《公論報》藝文副刊

研究論文

Research Article

祕境與棄兒――初步踏查《公論報》藝文副刊

Mystery and Outcast: 

Preliminary Investigation on the Literary Supplement of the Taiwan Tribune

陳明成
Chen, Ming-Cheng

摘要

        《公論報》當年最引人注目的「台灣風土」副刊終於在2013年的歲末出版，林瑞明教授在導讀之餘也提醒說，世人皆以為早已亡佚的「創刊號」事實上現存於台南市立圖書館。今日筆者循線將市圖的現存紙本與薛化元教授編著的《《公論報》言論目錄暨索引》所缺漏的日期進行核對，最後成果異常豐碩。但是隨著陸續被筆者挖掘出來的文本愈堆愈高時，愈發驚覺不僅僅是「創刊號」和各期社論的出土很重要，對於《公論報》前後接續多達22個的副刊進行初步地重估與審視反倒變得更刻不容緩。筆者認為，《公論報》仍是尚待開墾的「處女地」，各式副刊裡充滿了無數的文學「祕境」及藝文「棄兒」，卻因長期被侷限在討論戰後民主憲政發展的範疇內，以致藝文面向的成果幾乎遭到學界的漠視。本文盼望透過對「祕境」及「棄兒」初步的整理與析論，能夠「拋磚引玉」地喚起更多人的關注，進而實質豐富台灣文學史的內涵。

關鍵字：公論報、副刊、日月潭副刊、台灣文學史

Abstract

        The most remarkable supplement Taiwan Culture of the Taiwan Tribune in those days finally was published at the end of 2013. Professor Lin Rui-Ming reminded also in his introduction that the first issue supposed to be lost earlier actually existed in Tainan Public Library. Today, the author followed the lead to check the dates missed from the existing paper version of the first issue kept by Tainan Public Library and the Contents and Index of the Taiwan Tribune compiled by Professor Xue Hua-Yuan and got great findings. However, the uncovered pages grew gradually, the author were more and more surprised at the fact that what was important was not only the discovery of the first issue and editorials of different issues, the preliminary evaluation and examination on the 22 consecutive supplements of the Taiwan Tribune seemed more urgent. The author believed that the Taiwan Tribune was still a virgin land to be reclaimed and its supplements were full of literary mysteries and art outcasts. Unfortunately, since discussions on the Taiwan Tribune were limited to the post-war democracy and political development, fruits in art and literature were almost neglected by the academic circle. This paper hopes to serve as a modest spur to induce more attention throughits preliminary research and analysis on these mysteries and outcasts, to further enrich the Taiwan literature history.

Keywords: Taiwan Tribune, supplement, Sun Moon Lake supplement, Taiwan literature history

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洪成潭美術展覽室講話

洪成潭美術展覽室講話
Symposium

主持人：王墨林
Moderator: Wang, Mo-Lin

講者：洪成潭
Speaker: Hong, Seong-Dam

現場口譯：臧汝興
Interpreter: Zang, Ru-Xing

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座談會

座談會 

Symposium

主持人：李承機

Moderator: Li, Cheng-Chi

討論者：梅丁衍、山口泉、稻葉真以

Panelists: Mei Dean-Yan, Yamaguchi Izumi, Inaba Mai

現場口譯：李承機、鳳氣至純平

Interpreter: Li Cheng-Chi, Fugeshi Jumpei

                   

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東亞的人間中心的文化創造―― 洪成潭的民眾美術世界

專題演講 Keynote Speech
東亞的人間中心的文化創造――洪成潭的民眾美術世界
The People-oriented Cultural Creation in East Asia -The World of Art of Hong, Seong-Dam

演講者：徐勝
Speaker: Suh, Sung

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東亞的民眾文化：希望的團結――洪成潭的民眾美術世界 開幕式致詞

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東亞的民眾文化：希望的團結――洪成潭的民眾美術世界 活動議程

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編輯室報告（第7期）

        第七期的《台灣文學研究》一共收錄有五篇學術研究論文，再加上一場難得的展覽活動――「洪成潭版畫展」專題演講暨座談會紀錄所組成。本期學報得以順利出刊，要感謝所有投稿人、論文專業審查人的熱心支持，因為各位的參與使得這個學術園地能夠持續穩定地經營下去。

        整體來看，本期通過專業匿名審查的學術研究稿件，主要集中在戰前日治時期以及戰後十餘年間的台灣文學史料蒐羅、整理與撰述。例如自1947年開始發行至1961年的民營報紙《公論報》，往往被置放在戰後台灣民主憲政的發展脈絡下來討論，此中的「藝文副刊」實是一個未勘之境。〈秘境與棄兒――初步踏查《公論報》藝文副刊〉這篇研究，便是針對《公論報》裡多達22類的藝文副刊進行初步整理與探討，具有填補文學史料的重要貢獻。同樣是史料的整理與歷史脈絡的爬梳，〈北台詩壇一抹光〉一文將成立於1921年、作為蘭陽傳統詩社之一的登瀛吟社，置放在目前方興未艾的區域文學研究脈絡裡，處理該詩社組織的具體運作。另外，〈日暮相關何處？〉以許南英的詩作為對象，探討其中的國族想像與身分認同；〈賴惠川竹枝詞的生命禮俗論析〉則分別就婚喪、育兒、祭祖各個面向管窺台灣早期生命禮俗的大致形態。相較於上述幾篇論文側重在史料的蒐羅還有文本的內緣分析，〈日治初期台灣言論界「文學」概念的變化〉一文明顯帶有概念考掘的企圖。這篇研究旨在辨析具有現代意義的「文學」概念在日治時期台灣的知識界，是如何從儒學漢文傳統漸次轉往新文學的定義來形塑。易言之，「文學」的現代概念在日治時期的台灣不應該只視為是進步啟蒙的意義來看待，知識概念的意義轉化背後，有其具體社會現實的對應。該文不但有充分詳實的文獻梳理，更有細膩的分析辨證。以上諸文大致可以劃歸到日治以迄戰後的範疇，至於台灣的當代文學文化研究（一九七○年代以後）在本期付之闕如，孰是可惜（部分稿件是因為審查未過）。做為一份研究刊物，我們仍然由衷期待多元多樣的研究範疇、思考徑路還有批評觀點，在這個學術園地裡競相爭妍、百花齊放。

        在專業學術論文之外，本期特別收錄九月份假成大台文系館「台文講堂」舉行的「洪成潭版畫」展中，韓國知名版畫家洪成潭先生本人的現場分享以及各國學者、文化評論家們的演講與座談會紀錄。韓國在1980年5月發生的光州事件，激發起熱愛美術的洪成潭利用小學生用的雕刻刀和橡膠板，創作出一系列的「五月版畫」，並印成傳單在路上散發，藉此展開一場美術抗爭獨裁統治的游擊戰。洪成潭在他的版畫世界裡實踐了對抗權力與不義的「抵抗美術」。這個非常難得的藝術展出機會，提供台灣民眾一睹韓國的民眾藝術作為抵抗、揭露的潛能。緣此，本期學報特將這個活動的專題演講與各場座談化為文字記錄，再饗讀者。

        在編輯室報告的最後，要特別感謝《台灣文學研究》的所有編輯委員們――楊雅惠、陳建忠、曾吉賢、施懿琳、游勝冠、廖淑芳、陳麗君教授以及鍾秀梅主任。本學報自創刊以來即戮力朝向完善的學術機制來邁進，沒有各位編委們的用心與費心，這個目標難以達成。更要謝謝王維碩與劉庭彰兩位編輯助理，整個學報複雜繁瑣的編務工作，均有賴他們的細心和耐心方能完成。（劉乃慈）