失傳的廖添丁——全本《臺灣義賊新歌廖添丁》中的庶民話語

研究論文Research Article

失傳的廖添丁

——全本《臺灣義賊新歌廖添丁》中的庶民話語

The lost “Liau,Thiam-ting”: the plebeian discourse of “Tai-uan gi-tshat sin-kua Liau Thiam-ting” in the complete edition.

柯榮三

Ke, Jung-san

摘要

今日廖添丁為人所熟知的「劫富濟貧」、「抗日英雄」等正面形象，是起源於神威顯赫的口頭傳說，再歷經各種傳播媒介如歌謠唱本（歌仔冊）、便宜小說、通俗讀物、戲劇、說書等長期累積堆疊而成。相較於其他文類，《臺灣義賊新歌廖添丁》可以說是戰後刊行之第一部完整敘述廖添丁一生傳奇的長篇文學作品，可惜的是，《臺灣義賊新歌廖添丁》的完整內容卻有半數幾近失傳。

本文擬先完整披露新發現的《臺灣義賊新歌廖添丁》全十二本（1955）之內容梗概。歌仔冊原就廣受臺灣民間歡迎，巧合的是，我們意外發現編著者梁松林（1889～？）與廖添丁（1883～1909）生活於同一時代、活動在同一地區，是故，《臺灣義賊新歌廖添丁》所敘實可作為一九五○年代臺灣庶民心目中的廖添丁代表話語。歌仔冊中的廖添丁雖然屢犯大案，穿牆踰戶，但人們相信他絕非窮凶極惡的「強徒」；即使犯下殺人重罪，也是廖添丁替天行道，被害者死有餘辜，對一九五○年代的臺灣人而言，廖添丁可以說是極具修養、道德者。

《臺灣義賊新歌廖添丁》或許未如其他文類，在廖添丁積極抗日的民族精神上多所著墨，然而卻徹底翻轉日治時代「兇盜」、「兇賊」、「梟賊」、「惡鬼」等官方論述，其所敘劫富濟貧、扶弱鋤強、仗義輸財、慷慨正直，甚至死後超凡入聖等事蹟，都是人們受到不公不義的壓迫時，最希望得到救贖的浪漫幻想，《臺灣義賊新歌廖添丁》正是以這樣貼近庶民的話語，吟唱廖添丁傳奇的一生。

關鍵詞： 廖添丁、歌仔冊、梁松林、劫富濟貧、話語

Abstract

Liau, Thiam-ting(廖添丁, 1883~1909) was the famous “Good Outlaw”(the bandit who was robbing the rich to help the poor) in Taiwan. The “Tai-uan gi-tshat sin-kua Liau Thiam-ting” (臺灣義賊新歌廖添丁, 1955) was a Taiwanese ballad that talking about Liau Thiam-ting’s stories.

In the past, we could found only 6 volumes of “Tai-uan gi-tshat sin-kua Liau Thiam-ting.’’ But now we find out the complete edition of “Tai-uan gi-tshat sin-kua Liau Thiam-ting” (1955) which has 12 volumes.

    The complete edition “Tai-uan gi-tshat sin-kua Liau Thiam-ting”(12 volumes) was written by the Taiwanese author “Niu, Siong-lim(梁松林, 1889~?)” Accientally, we  realize that the author “Niu, Siong-lim” was also living in Taipei city and in the Japanese colonial era.

In the past, Taiwanese ballad was a popular literature in Taiwan. The content(thought) of “Tai-uan gi-tshat sin-kua Liau Thiam-ting” was closed to the thoughts of civilian.

Consequently, in “Tai-uan gi-tshat sin-kua Liau Thiam-ting,” we could find that people think Liau was a “Good Outlaw” who robbed the rich to help the poor and liked to give money to someone in need. So, after he die, he became a great model of noble.

Keywords: Li Poetic Organization, enlightenment, modernity, Taiwan classical poetry, Taiwan Literature

檢視全文