蔣渭水的左傾之道（1930-1931）：論共產國際「資本主義第三期」理論對蔣渭水的啟發

研究論文 Research Article

蔣渭水的左傾之道（1930-1931）：論共產國際「資本主義第三期」理論對蔣渭水的啟發

Chiang Wei Shui’s Left-leaning Approach (1930-1931) :
On the Influence of “The Third Stage of Capitalism” by the Communism
International to Chiang

趙勳達
Chao, Hsun-ta

摘要

論者恆謂蔣渭水在思想上師法孫中山，反對破壞民族團結的階級鬥爭，但不反對社會主義的平等原則。在1927年台灣民眾黨創黨之時，蔣渭水援引孫文主義作為理論武裝，此時的蔣渭水固然在思想上有馬克思主義的影子，不過基本上仍是孫文主義的信徒。然而到了1930年，蔣渭水漸次受到了共產國際「資本主義第三期」理論的啟發以及世界性經濟大恐慌的刺激，放棄了他過去認為資本主義尚處於「安定期」的主張，轉而響應共產國際的號召，致力於推動無產階級革命運動。此時的蔣渭水，一面心儀蘇聯新經濟政策，主張孫文主義具有發展到無產階級專政之可能性，一面決定放棄合法改良主義路線而欲與台共‧新文協合流，如此一來是否可以被視為孫中山的信徒？不無疑義。本文主張，此時的蔣渭水左傾的態度明確，已不堅持原來的改良主義路線，而是轉向激進的階級鬥爭。後來者有其後見之明，本文不願評論蔣渭水在革命時機的拿捏上恰當與否。但蔣渭水在當時看到了台灣解放運動的曙光，他選擇奮力一搏，雖然最後留下了「壯志未酬身先死」的遺憾，然而其精神依然值得肯定。

關鍵詞：蔣渭水、資本主義第三期、共產國際、孫中山

Abstract

Commentators always regarded Chiang Wei-shui as a follower of Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s ideology, one who as opposed to class struggle which undermines national unity, and yet was not against the principle of equality of the socialist. When Taiwanese People’s Party was founded in 1927, the principal theory of the party by Chiang was based on Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s ideology. Back at the time Chiang’s ideas somewhat reflected Marxist ideology, but he remained essentially Sun’s disciple. By 1930, however, Chiang began to be inspired by the “Third Stage of Capitalism” by the Communism International and was influenced by the Great Depression that swept the world. As a result, he renounced his claims that capitalism is in an “ultimate stage” and instead responded to the call of the Communism International. Since then, Chiang has been committed to promoting the proletarian movement. Therefore, from 1930 onwards, Chiang Wei-shui longed for the Soviet Union’s New economic policy on the one hand, thinking that Sun’s ideas demonstrate the possibility of developing into dictatorship of proletariat, and on the other hand, he aspired to integrate with Taiwan Communist Party and Taiwan Culture Association. This leaves much room for discussion as to whether or not Chiang was still a disciple of Sun. The author argues that, at the point Chiang’s leftist attitude was already quite clear. He no longer adhered to the original reformist route, but turned instead to the radical class struggle. The author does not intend to comment on whether Chiang’s timing of the revolution was appropriate or not, but back at the time Chiang felt a glimpse of hope for the liberation of Taiwan and chose to take a chance. Regrettably, things did not turn out the way he expected, but his efforts were still commendable.

Keywords: Chiang Wei-shui, ” The Third Stage of Capitalism “, Communism International (Comintern), Dr. Sun Yat-sen

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