2014年11月30日 星期日

注目:重探一九八○年代香港文學

學術動態報導 
Report

注目:重探一九八○年代香港文學

Bring Back to Focus:
Re-exploring Hong Kong Literature in the 1980s

陳筱筠
Chen, Siao-Yun

摘要

        一九八○年代香港確定將於1997年回歸中國,這個歷史事件讓各地關注起香港,有關香港的政治前景、經濟發展、文化論述與文學想像等各層面的討論,在當時形成一股香港研究的熱潮。如果我們先僅以香港文學作為討論範疇,1980年~1997年是一段曾經被大量注目的階段,在後九七以後雖然仍有陸續的討論,以及許多重要學者們的持續努力耕耘,但香港文學的研究或討論在後九七之後的確有慢慢消減的趨勢。香港回歸至今17年時間,台港兩地的交流或社會發展在近年因為中國因素也產生多許可供參照的地方,現階段的我們,如果重新注目香港文學,一方面也許能避免當時在香港研究熱潮下,經常會把香港擺放在中英夾縫位置的單一想像,另方面也可擴大台灣文學與香港文學的討論範疇。

關鍵詞:一九八年代、香港文學、香港研究熱潮

 Abstract

        In the 1980s it had been confirmed that the handover would take place in 1997. This historic issue brought Hong Kong to the focus of the whole world. There was a lot of discussion on Hong Kong about its political outlook, economic development, cultural discourse, and literary imagination, which facilitated the rise of Hong Kong studies. If narrowing down our discussion realm to Hong Kong literature, we can find that during the period of 1980s and 1990s, Hong Kong literature had become the central issue. After 1997, some relative discussion and discourse about Hong Kong literature continued and the devotion of scholars was as significant. Nevertheless, the studies of Hong Kong literature has the tendency to decline. Now 17 years have passed since the handover, it is necessary to re-explore Hong Kong in this phase since the factor of China has become a common subject that Taiwan and Hong Kong both have to face. It will help us to find a new frame to explore Hong Kong literature and enlarge the range of discussion of Taiwanese literature and Hong Kong literature.

Keywords: 1980s, Hong Kong Literature, the Rise of Hong Kong Studies

從香港《大公報‧文藝》(1938-1941)編輯策略的本地面向檢討南來文人在香港的「實績」說

研究論文
Research Article

從香港《大公報‧文藝》(1938-1941)編輯策略的本地面向檢討南來文人在香港的「實績」說

On the ‘Actual Contributions’ of the Mainland Literati: AStudy Based on the Editorial Strategies of Hong Kong Ta KungPao ’s Literary Supplement (1938-1941)

樊善標
Fan, Sin Piu

摘要

        上海在一九三○年代是中國報業的重要基地,但自1937年底為日軍攻陷之後,報館紛紛停刊或向後方遷移。移至香港的上海報刊中,《大公報》為犖犖大者。香港《大公報》背負在中國大陸創辦三十多年來的名聲,其「文藝」副刊兩任編者蕭乾、楊剛也都是通稱的南來文人,皆努力以文藝支持抗戰,直至1941年底香港也為日軍所佔領,港版《大公報》停刊為止。後來的論者或主張這一時期的南來文人「以傳播新思想、新文化、新文學,宣傳抗日等實績性行為」,「掀起香港文學史上第一次文學創作高潮」。

        本文從香港《大公報‧文藝》的具體內容探討兩任編者編輯策略的本地面向,從而展示蕭乾、楊剛所代表的南來文人對香港本地的態度,反思他們的「實績」與香港文學的關係。本文認為前述論者以民族主義建構南來文人和第一代香港本地作者的傳承,並不符合史實。這種說法既未能切合當時多數香港居民的心態,同時也忽略了南來文人間的差異。如能承認文學評價不僅僅建基於民族意識,香港文學史或將展現另一種更有意思的面貌。

關鍵詞:《大公報》、「文藝」版、南來文人、香港文學史

 Abstract

        The Hong Kong Ta Kung Pao (1938-1941) inherited the anti-Japanese stand from its Shanghai counterpart. The editors of the newspaper’s Literary Supplement Xiao Qian (蕭乾) and Yang Gang (楊剛) were mainlanders who supported the anti-Japanese war through literary works. It was generally thought that the literati from the mainland of this period spread new ideas, new cultures, new-vernacular literature and anti-Japanese sentiments, as a result their actual contributions brought the first climax of the Hong Kong literature.

        This paper discusses the local perspectives of Xiao and Yang with reference to the newspaper’s literary supplements. The ‘actual contributions’ of Xiao and Yang to Hong Kong literature are carefully reassessed.

        This paper also argues that nationalism may not be the most important factor which influenced the first generation of local (Hong Kong) writers, and that the mainland literati are not single-minded. National consciousness should not be the only assessment criterion when we reconstruct history of Hong Kong literature.

Keywords: Ta Kung Pao, literary supplement, the mainland literati, literary history of Hong Kong

知性的對決/孤絕的存在:一九五、六○年代白萩的詩論、詩作對「現代 詩」寫作的擴展與延伸

研究論文
Research Article

知性的對決/孤絕的存在:
一九五、六○年代白萩的詩論、詩作對「現代詩」寫作的擴展與延伸

Intellectual Reflection/Lonely Existence: Influences of Bai Ciou’s Poetics and Poetry in 1950s’ and 1960s’ on Enriching and Extending Modern Poetry

阮美慧
Juan, Mei-Hui

摘要

        白萩(1937―)十八歲時即展露了文學的才華,1955年以〈羅盤〉一詩,獲得「中國新詩協會」第一屆詩人獎的殊榮,當時被詩壇喻為「天才詩人」,備受詩壇矚目。因此,當時其詩論、詩作,對知性的對決、孤絕的存在等「現代」質素的大力著墨,都對「現代詩」的寫作,具有一定的啟發。

        其中,白萩雖強調「實驗」、「創新」的重要,但卻先在「傳統」與「個人」之間,重新思考彼此的關係,認為詩人並非屈就於傳統之下,而是要從「傳統」中跨越,並能夠超越傳統,這才是他對「現代」意涵的解讀。此外,他也特別提出詩的知性,分析情緒與情感的差異,同時,亦強調構思嚴密的結構、組織,才能使作品具有完整性及永恆性。在詩作技巧上,特別對詩的空間(繪畫性)及時間(音樂性)的設計,建立起詩中物我合一的原始性關係,使詩在意象、節奏、旋律上別出心裁,然而,這些新穎的方法,仍是為了展現詩的深刻意義,特別在一九五、六年代,詩人對人生實存境況的探究,顯現人在現實中的孤獨感。而白萩的詩作,在語言精準的操控下,其「現代」精神的呈現,成為一種「異端的誘惑」,而為當時「現代詩」提供了新路徑。由此觀之,白萩做為一位真正的詩人,總是能夠走在時代的前端。

關鍵字:白萩、現代詩、知性的對決、孤絕的存在、詩的原始性關係

 Abstract

        Bai Ciou (白萩, 1937-) shows his literary talent at the age of 18. In 1955, he won the 1. Poetry Award from “Chinese Poetry Association” (中國新詩協會) for his work “compass” (羅盤). He is then hailed as a “poet of genius”, attracting much attention from his colleagues. Owing to this, his poetics and poetry, emphasizing the modern essences of lonely existence and intellectual reflection, has certain inspiration for the writing of modern poetry.
        
        Bai Ciou (白萩) emphasizes the importance of experiment and innovation. He re-thinks the relationship between tradition and individuals, and suggests that poets cannot be subordinated to tradition, but has to go through and transcend it. This is indeed his interpretation of modernity. Besides, he puts forward the intellectuality of poetry, analyzing the difference between emotion and feeling and emphasizing the strict structure and organization of ideas. Those are the elements which keep the poetry in its integrality and eternality. Technically, he focuses on the arrangement of space (pictorial) and time (musical) of poetry, building the original relationship between poetry and things, which makes the poetry innovative in its images, rhymes and melodies. These novel approaches are introduced for showing the deep meaning of poetry, the real situation of existence and the loneliness in the reality in 1950s’ and 1960s’. Bai Ciou’s (白萩) poetry, being written in accurate language, is a kind of “seduction of heresy” and offers a new approach for modern poetry. Bai Ciou (白萩), as a real poet, is always at the forefront of the times.

Keywords: Bai Ciou (白萩), modern poetry, intellectual reflection, lonely existence, original relationship of poetry

日治初期警察官眼中的台灣原住民形象 ――以〈生蕃探險記〉為例

研究論文
Research Article

日治初期警察官眼中的台灣原住民形象
――以〈生蕃探險記〉為例

“SEIBANTANKENKI”: How Taiwanese Aborigines Were Perceived
by Japanese Police Officer in the Early Colonial Period

簡中昊
Chien, Chung Hao

摘要

        連載於雜誌《太陽》的〈生蕃探險記〉,可說是日治時代中最早以台灣原住民為題材的記述之一。日治初期,關於原住民的第一手資料,大多出自於位居山地行政第一線的日本警察官之手。然而警察官的「原住民記述」,多是以進行統治為前提的行政或法律文書,鮮少有以讀者大眾為目標的作品。本稿將以日治初期的山地警察官所寫的〈生蕃探險記〉為例,藉由探究探險記的生產背景與經過,以及探險記中呈現的觀點,一探日治初期對於台灣原住民的認識。

關鍵字:日治初期、台灣原住民、生蕃、太陽、探險

 Abstract

        “SEIBANTANKENKI” (A Description of Taiwanese Savages) were published in the magazine Taiyao (The Sun) as a series of short stories. They were some of the early documents focusing on Taiwanese aborigines in the Japanese colonial period. In the early years of the Japanese colonial governance, most of the first-handed “Works of Taiwanese Aborigines” were written by Japanese police officers residing in the mountains. Most of the police officers’ writings were administrative or legal paper
works based on the needs of governance; few of them were written for the general public. This paper will use “SEIBANTANKENKI”, which was written by a police officer in the early Japanese colonial period, as an example to explore the process and background of the writing, in order to understand how people perceive Taiwanese aborigines around that time.

Keywords: Japanese colonial period, Taiwanese aborigines, barbarian, Taiyao (The Sun) , exploration

文學鬥爭、文學武器論、文藝大眾化——論賴明弘的普羅文論及其理論內在衝突

研究論文
Research Article

文學鬥爭、文學武器論、文藝大眾化
——論賴明弘的普羅文論及其理論內在衝突

Literary Struggle, Literary Weapon Theory, Literary Popularity:
On the Protarian Literature Theory of Ming-Hong Lai and its Inherent Conflicts

賴松輝
Lai, Song-Hui

摘要

        本文探討一九三年代「鄉土文學」論戰期間,賴明弘與《南音》作者群有關文學的階級性、民族性的論戰。討論著重於三個問題:首先,從當代的台灣文學場域,探討雙方的配置位置、文學體制,擁有的文學資本,而位居文壇前輩及掌握刊物編輯權的《南音》,擁有的文學資源、權力遠勝於賴明弘。其次,賴明弘運用文學鬥爭批評,將文藝當作階級「武器」,批判《南音》、《台灣新民報》、新舊文學及第三文學為布爾文學;第三,從文學理論的合理性來看,賴明弘批判各文學文類時,在文藝武器論與文藝大眾化、中國白話文等理論之間,往往呈現自相矛盾。他從階級意識批判新文學是布爾文學,卻又從中國白話文肯定,顯現理論標準不一;最後,由於缺乏理論深化,對於葉榮鐘「第三文學」的民族性挑戰,幾乎毫無理論的反擊。

關鍵字:賴明弘、文學鬥爭、文學武器論、文藝大眾化、鄉土文學論戰

 Abstract

        The paper exams a debate of Folklore Literature during the 1930s, Ming-Hong Lai embarked a discussion on class and nationality with Southern Voice . Therefore, my research will focus on three themes. Firstly, I will draw difference among the power relationship, the literary system and the culture capital between Ming-Hong Lai and Southern Voice . Secondly, how Ming-Hong Lai launched a series of literary infighting to criticize other literary communities such as Southern Voice, Taiwan New Daily Newspaper, Modern Literature and the Third Literature as a Bourgeois Literature. Thirdly, I will focus on the limitation of Lai’s contradiction in terms of the reasonability of literary theory and the consistency of ideology. Meanwhile, Lai made no sense to attack his counterpart’s literature theory and failed to persuade us with his arguments.

Keywords: Ming-Hong Lai, literary struggle, literary weapon theory, literary popularity, folklore literature debate

國姓爺 異托邦

特稿
Feature Article

國姓爺 異托邦 
L’hétérotopie Coxinga

布洛薩(羅獨秀)
Alain Brossat

羅惠珍 譯
Trans. Lo, Hui-Chen

2014年11月29日 星期六

與談及回應:夏林清

針對 庶民視角的教習踐行:邊界文本與抵殖民的家園政治 一文的回應

檢視全文

庶民視角的教習踐行:邊界文本與抵殖民的家園政治

論壇:庶民研究的教習踐行與文藝研究
Forum: Subaltern Studies as Pedagogies——Their Bearing on Literary Studies

庶民視角的教習踐行:
邊界文本與抵殖民的家園政治

Toward a Subaltern Pedagogy:
Border Texts and De-colonial Politics of Homeplace

廉兮
Lien, Hsi

摘要

        本文勾勒台灣教育市場化的處境與抵殖民教育的過程。作者嘗試以庶民視角探討教育者參與台灣在地實踐知識的生發,發展庶民視域的政治行動。殖民治理思維中的偏鄉地區,常被人文社會專業工作者視為政策補助與道德教化的對象。然而家園是人民互助團結的生活實踐所在,人們在清貧生活中的主體能動性不應被簡化的理解與對待。抵殖民的政治應立足於以家園作為生命創化與社會學習的教育基地。庶民視角的教育是多層次的政治運動,其間詮釋與實踐相互論詰:既要爭奪詮釋權的領空,也要建立以庶民的家園做為抵殖民的反抗基地。在「紮根」和「移動」的雙重視域中,進行自由、公共與抵殖民的庶民政治運動。

關鍵詞:庶民研究、抵殖民教育、家園政治、批判多元文化主義、實踐取向研究

 Abstract

        This paper illustrates the marketization of schooling and a decolonial process of education in Taiwan. The author intends to adopt the perspective of subaltern studies to investigate the educators’ engagement in the political action for decolonialization. The author points out that the internal-colonial governors often demoralizes the subaltern as groups of people who need to be fixed or helped. In fact, the subaltern groups who live in poverty are people with dignity and subjects with self-sufficiency. The author suggests that the subaltern’s homeplaces are sites of resistance against dehumanization; they are places where people strive to create innovative lives, and also those where social learning occurs. The author suggests that there are multiple layers of political space in de-colonial politics. Making efforts to understand the subaltern life world is as important as to take political actions for people to reserve their homeplaces as sites of social empowerment. Transversal politics emphasize rooting in communities and shifting perspectives. It helps to establish solidarity among people engaging in critical transformative dialogues.

Keywords: decolonialization, subaltern pedagogy, radical education, homeplace, praxis-oriented research

印度—伊斯蘭千禧年中的聖人卡比爾

論壇:庶民研究的教習踐行與文藝研究
Forum: Subaltern Studies as Pedagogies——Their Bearing on Literary Studies

印度—伊斯蘭千禧年中的聖人卡比爾
Kabir in the Indo-Islamic Millennium

瓦戡卡爾
Milind Wakankar

丘延亮、張馨文 翻譯整理

與談及回應:萬胥亭

針對 如何思考人民?——論葛蘭西「民族—人民的」概念 一文的回應

檢視全文

如何思考人民?——論葛蘭西「民族—人民的」概念

論壇:庶民研究的教習踐行與文藝研究
Forum: Subaltern Studies as Pedagogies——Their Bearing on Literary Studies

如何思考人民?
——論葛蘭西「民族—人民的」概念

How to Think about the People?
On Gramsci’s Concept “National-popular”

陳越
Chen, Yue

摘要

        葛蘭西正面地談及「人民」的地方,總是在一個獨創的詞語中:「民族—人民的」。在義大利語中,「民族的」不等同於「人民的」,乃是「現代形式的義大利民族難產的反映」。「不平衡發展」引導我們去理解他所思考的對象――「人民」――的非同尋常的特性,以及他思考這個對象的非同尋常的方式,即像馬基雅維利那樣把「人民」的非概念的存在當作歷史的「永恆」起點去思考。這種思考與哲學家從歷史的「結果」――「人」――出發的道路完全相反,後者(以康德文本為範例)反映了資產者―市民按照自身形象對「人」進行塑造的歷史過程,即把「民族—人民」、「啟蒙」或歸化為「公民(Bürger)」的歷史過程。葛蘭西重新思考和重新提出「民族—人民的」概念的過程,表現為「理論的迂回」和「理論的加工」,特別是理論難題的重新提出,以及理論立場的重新確立。「陣地戰」的設想,構成了葛蘭西思想中最有力量的方面,包含著一種有機知識份子必須採取的「雙重立場」。所謂底層—庶民,就是葛蘭西在這種「雙重立場」中思考的問題:只有在「民族—人民的」統一過程中,「底層階級」才有能力書寫他們的歷史,尤其是他們解放的歷史。

 Abstract

        Whenever Antonio Gramsci refers to “the people” positively, this concept is always set in the context “national-popular”, a selfcoined expression. In Italian language, “national” is no equivalent to “popular”, but points to“the reflection of the national dystocia of Italy in a modern form”. “Unequal development” leads us to the extraordinary characteristics of his object—the people—and his unique way of thinking about it: that is, similar to Machiavelli, to regard the non-conceptual being of “the people” as an eternal starting point of history. However, this is completely opposite to philosophers’ approach which starts with the historical result—Man. The latter, taking Kant’s text as an example, indicates a historical process of bourgeois’ moulding Man according to their own images—to adopt “national-popular” and enlightenment as citizen (Bürger). The way Gramsci rethinks and re-proposes the concept “national-popular” appears to be a theoretical detour and a theoretical reworking, especially the re-proposing of theoretical problems and the re-establishment of theoretical position. His assumption, “the war of position”, constitutes the most powerful aspect of Gramsci’s thoughts, which includes a double position those organic intellectuals must take. Therefore, the so-called “subaltern” is the problem Gramsci thinks about in this “double position”: only in the unified process of “national-popular” can the subaltern class write about their own history, especially their liberation history.

反叛者法農

反叛者法農
La Révolte de Frantz Fanon

賽澤爾
Aimé Césaire

林深靖 譯
Trans. Lin, Shenjing

殖民主義未爆彈暨新型態殖民主義

專題演講
Keynote Speech

殖民主義未爆彈暨新型態殖民主義
Les Bombes à Retardement du Colonialisme et les Nouvelles Formes de Colonialism

米海兒‧法農
Mireille Fanon Mendès France

林深靖 譯
Trans. Lin, Shenjing

編輯室報告(第6期)

        中秋襲來陣陣涼意,秋天是農民收穫的季節,也是學術社群半年的研究成果展現。《台灣文學研究》第六期,在編委會成員、審查委員與編輯助理團隊耐心的討論、審閱、修訂與編排下,終於出刊了。

        本期論壇收錄了2013101819日由本系所舉辦的「台灣文學研究的界線、視線與戰線」國際研討會部分精彩的內容。該會議由前系主任廖淑芳組織而成,她以最大的耐心,鍥而不舍地帶領師生團隊完成這場艱難的會議。活動聚集了海內外各方大師,從國外遠道而來的如革命家與精神分析師法農(Frantz Fanon)的女兒米海兒‧法農(Mireille Fanon Mendès France)、印度著名學者瓦戡卡爾(Milind Wakankar)、來自西安的葛蘭西權威陳越等人,為大會提供了人文研究的「界線、視線與戰線」的思考。

        在此會議基礎上,本期專題選擇「殖民主義」與「庶民研究」為主要議題。法農基金會負責人米海兒‧法農的專題演講稿〈殖民主義未爆彈暨新型態殖民主義〉,闡述新殖民主義透過跨國企業、國際銀行和金融大財閥,讓北方發達國家國家在全球化進程中繼續鞏固既定世界秩序,地球被切割成少數富人與多數窮人的世界。米海兒認為反抗是不可免的,呼籲重新召喚法農當年對抗宰制、剝削、異化機制的思想武器,團結面對一個荒謬、罪惡的社會、政治、經濟體制。

        本刊「庶民研究」專題,邀請到印度庶民研究很重要學者瓦戡卡爾談論〈印度―伊斯蘭千禧年中的聖人卡比爾〉。他深入探問宗教性(religiosity)在「非事件」(non-event)的反抗行為中的意義,探討其如何在歷史上構成一個「時節」(moment)使得部落原住民意識覺醒,以及原住民如何從個體性(individuality)生成階段進入到「政治社會」(political society)之中。中研院民族所研究員丘延亮的評論指出,瓦戡卡爾的研究正可以提供台灣與華南地區在歷史上以宗教為名的農民反叛事件的另一種思路。

        陝西師範大學陳越副教授所貢獻的〈如何思考人民?論葛蘭西「民族―人民的」概念〉一文,探究庶民(subaltern)的有機知識份子的「雙重立場」,即以社會集團(階級)在「民族―人民」的過程中,唯有「底層階級」才有能力書寫他們的歷史,尤其是解放他們的歷史。本校中文系副教授萬胥亭評論陳越教授,認為人民―民族的統一辯證需建立於自由主義與馬克思主義迂迴複雜的理論與實踐的脈絡思考,以「文化領導權來追求民族統一,人民獨立自主,他要展現的是一種人民的創造精神」。

        東華大學課程設計與潛能開發學系副教授廉兮所發表的〈庶民視角的教習踐行:邊界文本與抵殖民的家園政治〉一文,為多年來研究者在花東地區從事邊緣群體行動研究的成果。廉兮認為庶民視角的教育是多層次的政治運動,其間既是爭奪詮釋權的,也要以庶民的家園作為抵抗殖民的反抗基地。輔大應心系教授夏林清、中央大學性╱別研究室丁乃非教授也分別回應了廉兮教授的研究教習踐行。

        論壇與專題之外,本期收入四篇研究論文,分別是賴松輝的〈文學鬥爭、文學武器論、文藝大眾化——論賴明弘的普羅文論及其內在衝突〉、簡中昊的〈日治初期警察官眼中的台灣原住民形象——以〈生蕃探險記〉為例〉、阮美慧的〈知性的對決/孤絕的存在:一九五、六○年代白萩的詩論、詩作對「現代詩」寫作的擴展與延伸〉、與樊善標的〈從香港《大公報‧文藝》(1938-1941)編輯策略的本地面向檢討南來文人在香港的「實績」說〉。這些研究論文都展現了她(他)們的研究貢獻。

        本期特稿邀請到法國巴黎第八大學哲學系名譽教授布洛薩(Alain Brossat)的〈國姓爺 異托邦〉專文。布洛薩這篇文章是為2010年在法國巴黎大學所舉辦的「思考十七世紀戰爭」研討會而寫,他高度評價鄭成功與荷蘭人的戰爭,深入分析國姓爺所建立的「漂浮主權」,為台灣史與台灣文化研究帶來新的思考。學術動態報導部分則為本系博士生陳筱筠的〈注目:重探一九八○年代香港文學〉一文,分享一九八○年代之後香港文學的發展。

        本期順利出刊,要感謝研究者的努力與審稿人的細心,同時這份工作是集體努力的結果;編輯委員會成員施懿琳、游勝冠、廖淑芳、王右君、和吳毓琪老師,與編輯助理王維碩、劉庭彰的貢獻。最後,要感謝長期協助本系法文翻譯的羅惠珍與林深靖,她(他)們都嫻熟歐洲文化與政治,也都是文化評論工作者,長期為「亞洲週刊」撰稿。

(鍾秀梅)