2012年4月1日 星期日

相聚、離開、沉默、流浪—— 閱讀蘇偉貞的「眷村四部曲」

相聚、離開、沉默、流浪
—— 閱讀蘇偉貞的「眷村四部曲」


Community, Separation, Silence, and the Vagrant Life:
Reading Su-Wei-Zhan


趙慶華
Jaw, Ching-hwa


摘要

數十年來,隨著歷史條件與政治結構的改變,眷村的形貌、生態、意義均歷經了極大的轉折,與此同時,眷村住民在台灣社會的現實處境也有所不同,從而影響他們觀看眷村內部與村外世界的眼光,以及關於「我(們)是誰?」的思索。據此,本文聚焦於蘇偉貞的《有緣千里》、《離開同方》、《沉默之島》、《時光隊伍》等四部作品,考察一位出身、成長於眷村的外省第二代作家,面對眷村的變化與消解,如何描摹與其具有相近感知結構的一群人的認同、記憶和情感。透過小說,蘇偉貞清晰地舖展了五、六十年來眷村住民在台灣的生活樣態與精神圖像;在此同時,這些作品也讓我們理解:隱身眷村舞台幕後的黨國機制與國家統馭力量,是如何強固地影響了眷村住民的思維意識與認同指向。

關鍵詞:蘇偉貞、眷村、《有緣千里》、《離開同方》、《沉默之島》、《時光隊伍》、認同

Abstract

Over the past few decades, changes in the historical condition and in the political structure of Taiwan has greatly transformed the appearance, life style and inner-meaning of the Mainland Veteran Villages. The social position of Village residents in Taiwanese society has also changed. These changes not only significantly altered the ways the residents perceive the world within and without the Mainland Veteran Villages, but also affect their reflections towards themselves both as a community and as individuals.
This essay focuses on four novels by Su-Wei-Zhan “You- yuan- qian- li”(有緣千里), Leaving Tong-fang”(離開同方), “The silent island”(沉默之島) and “The line of the time”(時光隊伍) , as a means of exploring how this particular writer, a second generation member of a Mainland Veteran Village, describes the identity, memories and even affection of those who shared similar experiences when confronted with the changing and eventual vanishing of their hometown. Su produced a clear narrative of the way of life and spiritual images of the Mainland Veteran Villages’ residents through the years. Moreover, these books reveal how the thoughts and identity of the Village residents were influenced to a great extent by the power and manipulation of the government and the ruling political party, even though they were hidden behind the scene of ordinary lives in the village.

Keyword: Su-Wei-Zhan(蘇偉貞)‚ the Mainland Veteran Villages(眷村)、“You- yuan- qian- li”《有緣千里》、“Leaving Tong-fang”《離開同方》、“The silent island”《沉默之島》、“The line of the time”《時光隊伍》、identity

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形式美學與敘事政治—— 日據時期台灣自然主義小說研究

形式美學與敘事政治
—— 日據時期台灣自然主義小說研究


Politics of Narrative and Aesthetics:
Taiwanese Naturalist Fiction during the Period of Japanese Occupation


劉乃慈
Liu, Nai-Tzu


 

摘要

出現在日據時代「戰爭期」的自然主義小說,不僅是台灣新文學與世界文學接軌的重要表徵,並且在發展的過程中形塑出屬於台灣自身的歷史文化脈絡。就結構形式所激發的美學效果而言,自然主義技巧提升了當時台灣寫實主義小說的藝術層次。自然主義採取客觀抽離的敘述手法,可以避免寫實主義小說常有的因社會改革的使命而產生的急躁、平面的長篇說教。就文學的社會象徵而言,自然主義的敘事策略其實可以為當時備受殖民政體壓迫的文學創作者,隱隱開出一條藝術自主性的書寫方向。換言之,自然主義所展現出來的一種假客觀敘事文體,可以巧妙迴避主導話語的規範箝制、爭取文本開放多層次的意義詮釋空間,與四○年代主導文化的寫作政策產生微妙的抗衡或銷解作用。本文擬就台灣四○年代初期幾位重要的小說創作代表,如呂赫若、龍瑛宗以及王昶雄的作品,探討自然主義書寫特質對台灣新文學的影響。

關鍵詞:自然主義、敘事美學、呂赫若、龍瑛宗、王昶雄

Abstract

The upsurge of naturalist fiction during the period of Japanese occupation is a main cultural feature of the connecting between Taiwanese and the world literature. More importantly, it reshaped the literary movement of the 1940s. From the viewpoint of aesthetic effect, naturalism lifts up the artistic level of Taiwanese realist literature during that time. In addition, the belief in a so-called objective narrative enabled those naturalist writers to escape the dominant discourses of colonial government and strive to create their own figurative environment of free speech. Unfortunately, the value of the naturalist literature of the 1940s is not yet fully recognized, nor is the variety of literary trends in early Taiwanese literature well discussed. Hence, this paper attempts to explore the cultural and social significance of naturalist writing strategy. I will analyze the representative works by Lu He-juo, Lung Ying-tsong and Wang Chang-hsiung, in order to probe into the process and the impact of naturalist fiction upon Taiwanese literature during the period of Japanese occupation.

Keywords: Naturalism, Narrative aesthetics, Lu He-juo, Lung Ying-tsong , Wang Chang-hsiung

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自我、他者、共同體——論洪耀勳 〈 風土文化觀 〉

自我、他者、共同體
——論洪耀勳 〈 風土文化觀 〉

Self, Other and Community:
A Discussion on Hung Yao-Shun’s “Fudo Bunkakan: Taiwan Fudo No Renkan Ni Oite”

林巾力
Lin, Chin-Li

摘要

洪耀勳戰前所發表的〈風土文化観——台湾風土との関連に於いて〉,不但是發表於三○年代的少數重要哲學論文之一,同時也可以看作是對於「鄉土」論爭的正面回應,而它的目的也是在於尋求「台灣特殊性」在理論上的可能基礎。洪耀勳藉助日本學者和辻哲郎有關「風土」的理論,並以詮釋學與黑格爾的辯證法作為框架,企圖來建構自我與他者、特殊與普遍、個人與共同體的理論,並藉此探討「台灣」作為主體的可能性。
洪耀勳並且分別耙梳了台灣與中國、台灣與日本的關係,他強調,人類的社會存在乃是受歷史性與風土性所規定,而人的行為樣式亦是作為理解的型態而在與風土的具體交涉中產生,因此在趨近台灣特殊性的問題時,必須同時顧及「時間性」與「空間性」——亦即「歷史性」與「風土性」的視野。而從這樣的框架來看台灣與中國以及日本的關係時,洪耀勳認為,在與中國的關係方面,儘管台灣的風土與南中國相仿,而目前為止所發源於其中的生活樣態也大抵類似,但正是因為「歷史命運」的改變,因而促成了台灣在生活與文化上能夠發展其特殊性的契機。而與日本方面,洪耀勳則呼籲,日本人必須順應於台灣的風土——這裡當然還包括了對於由風土而發展出來的生活樣式與類型、以及人們自我瞭解的文化模式的順應。他同時主張,在台灣的生活交涉勢必是要受風土所限定,因此也必然是帶有「台灣性格」的,無論是怎樣的風土,必定是歷史的風土,而不管怎樣的歷史,也必然是風土的歷史,所以,真正的台灣理解,必須是風土的理解。
而在洪耀勳的自他辯證裡,自我必須是在與他人的關係之中、並且是在(由辯證否定而來的)相互承認之中,抵達那主客對立最終被加以克服而自他因此合而為一的超越場所,在那裡,同時也就是在那個共同的世界中,新的自我才可能被實現。在洪耀勳的脈絡中,這「自我」與「他人」其實更還擴大到「台灣」與「日本」以及「中國」的關係上,因此在這樣一篇論述當中,洪耀勳可以說是藉助了哲學上的自他辯證來尋找台灣作為主體的可能性。儘管洪耀勳反映在哲學語言上的理想主義在戰爭與殖民統治的幢幢黑影中不免顯得蒼白,但是作為「主體」的慾望,還有將「自我=台灣」視為擁有內在統一性的實體,卻是成為一股伏流,在不斷的論述過程中再次被提出、並被加以確認。

關鍵詞:風土、自我、他者、共同體、時間、空間

Abstract

This paper seeks to analyze Hung Yao-Shun's "Fudo Bunkakan: Taiwan Fudo No Renkan Ni Oite" ( 風土文化観:台湾風土との関連に於いて ) which was one of the most important philosophical essays written by a Taiwanese scholar in the 1930s. It can be seen not only as the response to Hsiang-t'u Debate but also as Hung Yao Shun’s effort to establish the theoretical basement for "Taiwan's uniqueness". In Hung's essay, he is inspired by the ideas of Japanese Philosopher Watsuji Tetsuro's newly published book, Fudo: Ningengaku teki kosa ( 風土:人間学的考察 ), which emphasized that human existence is constituted both by the aspects of history (time) and climate (space). Based on Watsuji's theory and Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit as his theoretical framework, Hung discusses how Taiwanese people understood themselves and developed their own unique culture. In spite of Hung's philosophical attempts to discover what Taiwan's uniqueness consisted of, his essay has not drawn much attention by recent researchers partly due to his highly abstract style of writing. Thus in this paper, I explore how Hung was trying to find Taiwan's historical and social uniqueness under the powerful cultural influences of Japan and China.

Keywords: Fudo (climate), self, other, community, time, space

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